Forecast Scenarios for the Development of the Nonprofit Sector in Russia

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2026.5.3350

Keywords:

nonprofit sector, NPOs, civil society, state support, forecast scenarios, expert scenario-forecasting monitoring, futures studies, social forecasting

Abstract

The article analyzes the prospects for the development of Russia's nonprofit sector through 2035 amid contemporary socio-political and economic challenges. The research aims to comprehensively assess the current state of the Russian nonprofit sector and its medium-term development prospects. To achieve this objective, the expert scenario-forecasting monitoring methodology was employed. In the first stage, 12 semi-structured expert interviews were conducted. In the second stage (from December 2025 to January 2026), a quantitative survey of 82 experts was carried out, including representatives from the academic community, nonprofit organizations, grant-making foundations, state authorities, media, and independent experts. External factors are considered the most influential (the deterioration of the economic situation, the Russian‑Ukrainian conflict, the reduced ability of businesses to support NGOs). The development of the sector is described as mono‑subject: the key drivers are identified as state grant‑making foundations and the President of Russia, while NGOs themselves are rather “followed”. Three key possible scenarios have been identified. The most likely scenario is “Under State Wing”, which implies an increase in state control and NGO dependence on state support. The “Unleashing Internal Potential” scenario is based on increased cooperation, transparency, and professionalization, as well as diversification of funding sources. “Integration into Global Trends” — a scenario that includes the resumption of international cooperation and the abolition of restrictive regulations — is considered unlikely by experts. Since the probability of events was assessed independently, the scenarios do not exclude each other; the first two can be implemented simultaneously. A comparison of the assessments reveals a gap between the high desirability of increased trust, cooperation, and horizontal connections (more than 8 out of 10 points) and the moderate likelihood of these changes (around 6 points), which indicates institutional barriers to horizontal cooperation in the sector.

Acknowledgements. The article presents the results of a study conducted by the ZIRCON Research Group (ANO “Zadorin Sociological Studio”) with the support of the Association “Dobro.rf” and ANO “Yugra Youth Center”. We would also like to thank the reviewers and editors for their valuable comments on the article.

Author Biographies

Anastasia I. Bochkor, ZIRCON Research Group

  • ZIRCON Research Group, Moscow, Russia
    • Lead Research Specialist
  • HSE University, Moscow, Russia
    • PhD Student of the Graduate School of Sociology

Igor V. Zadorin, ZIRCON Research Group

  • ZIRCON Research Group, Moscow, Russia
    • Director

Anastasia V. Saponova, ZIRCON Research Group

  • ZIRCON Research Group, Moscow, Russia
    • Cand. Sci. (Soc.), Deputy Director
  • HSE University, Moscow, Russia
    • Associate Professor at the Department of Social Institutions Analysis, School of Sociology

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Published

2026-11-10

How to Cite

Bochkor, A. I., Zadorin, I. V., & Saponova, A. V. (2026). Forecast Scenarios for the Development of the Nonprofit Sector in Russia. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes, (5), 71–94. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2026.5.3350