Transformation of the Culture of Trust in Russia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2023.1.2212Keywords:
trust, generalized trust, institutional trust, comparative sociology of trust, culture of trust, digital trustAbstract
The article examines the processes of formation and development of a culture of trust in Russia. The main research question is why the trust level is relatively low in Russia. To answer it, the authors analyze the concept of a culture of trust and the main sociological concepts of the transformation of trust (F. Fukuyama, E. Giddens, N. Luhmann, P. Sztompka); explain the logic of the formation of trust in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century; show, as a result of urbanization processes, the transformation of traditional trust, based on particularized trust within peasant communities, into modern, based on generalized, institutional and role-based trust. The authors identify the reasons for the formation of a specific “culture of distrust” in the 1930s in Soviet society and show the gradual process of accumulation of “trust capital” in the post-war period. The fall in trust in the 1990s was associated with the “trauma of change,” but the beginning of confidence building in the 2000s failed to continue in subsequent years. The reasons for this are multiple, but the main ones are related to the growth of social inequality (since trust and justice exist only together) and the inefficient work of public institutions. The modern transformation of the culture of trust is associated with the beginning of the digital revolution. Before our eyes, a new digital culture of trust is being formed in social networks, using the Internet for remote work and purchases of goods and services. To analyze the culture of trust, the authors conducted an empirical study (telephone survey of residents of St. Petersburg (N = 1 032), Internet survey (N = 505), and 45 in-depth interviews, the results of which are summarized in this article.
Acknowledgments. The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 20-011-00155 A.
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